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| nformaciones en Salud - Todos losPaises - SIDA, TUBERCULOSE e MALARIA | |||
Toolkit for Access to Medicines and Diagnostics for HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria: Selected Resource Materials Updated version: 15 August 2002 A working document prepared by WHO Departments, WHO partners in disease control and UNAIDS Secretariat: · Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy: http://who.int/medicines/ · Blood Safety and Clinical Technology: http://who.int/bct/ · Roll Back Malaria Secretariat (WHO, Geneva): http://www.rbm.who.int/ · Stop TB Secretariat (WHO, Geneva): http://www.stoptb.org/default.asp · Global Drug Facility for TB: http://www.stoptb.org/GDF/default.asp · DOTS-Plus Strategy for MDR-TB: http://www.who.int/gtb/policyrd/DOTSplus.htm · HIV/AIDS department (WHO, Geneva): http://www.who.int/HIV_AIDS/first.html and UNAIDS Secretariat: http://www.unaids.org/ Table of Contents General Information.................................................................................................................. 1 Essential Medicines.............................................................................................................. 1 HIV/AIDS.................................................................................................................................... 1 Tuberculosis......................................................................................................................... 1 Malaria..................................................................................................................................... 1 Rational Selection and Use......................................................................................................... 1 Essential Medicines................................................................................................................ 1 HIV/AIDS..................................................................................................................................... 2 Tuberculosis.......................................................................................................................... 2 Malaria...................................................................................................................................... 3 Affordable Prices......................................................................................................................... 3 Essential Medicines............................................................................................................... 3 HIV/AIDS..................................................................................................................................... 3 Tuberculosis.......................................................................................................................... 4 Malaria...................................................................................................................................... 4 Sustainable Financing................................................................................................................. 4 Essential Medicines................................................................................................................ 4 HIV/AIDS...................................................................................................................................... 4 Tuberculosis........................................................................................................................... 4 Malaria....................................................................................................................................... 5 Health and Supply Systems.......................................................................................................... 5 Essential Medicines................................................................................................................ 5 HIV/AIDS...................................................................................................................................... 5 Tuberculosis............................................................................................................................ 6 Malaria........................................................................................................................................ 6 Drug Resistance Surveillance........................................................................................................ 6 HIV/AIDS....................................................................................................................................... 6 Tuberculosis............................................................................................................................ 6 Malaria........................................................................................................................................ 7 Country Support........................................................................................................................... 7 Essential Medicines.................................................................................................................. 7 HIV/AIDS........................................................................................................................................ 7 Tuberculosis............................................................................................................................. 7 Malaria......................................................................................................................................... 7 General Information Essential Medicines 1.
WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines: WHO
Medicines Strategy: 2000 – 2003, No. 1. December 2000. 2. Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic 2002. UNAIDS at Barcelona, 2002. http://www.unaids.org/barcelona/presskit/report.html 3. Strategic Framework to decrease the Burden of TB/HIV". WHO/CDS/TB/2002.296 and WHO/HIV_AIDS/2002.2. WHO, Geneva. 4. http://www.who.int/gtb/publications/tb_hiv/2002-296_index.htm 5. Fact Sheet 2002: The Impact of HIV: http://www.unaids.org/barcelona/presskit/factsheets/FSimpact_en.htm 6. AIDS Epidemic Update – December 2001. WHO/UNAIDS 2001. http://www.unaids.org/epidemic_update/report_dec01/index.html#full Tuberculosis7. Global Plan to Stop TB (2001-2005): http://www.stoptb.org/GPSTB/default.asp 8. Global TB Control. WHO Report 2001. WHO/CDS/TB/2001.287. WHO, Geneva. http://www.who.int/gtb/publications/globrep01/download.html 9. TB/HIV and Development: Technical Resources. http://www.stoptb.org/Working_Groups/TBHIV/default.asp 10.
Prospectus: Global TB Drug Facility: a Global Mechanism to Ensure an Uninterrupted
Access to Quality http://www.stoptb.org/GDF/whatis/docs/GDF-prospectus.pdf 11. Brochure: Global TB Drug Facility: What is the Global TB Drug Facility? WHO/CDS/STB/2000.10b. http://www.stoptb.org/GDF/whatis/docs/GDF-Brochure.PDF 12. Brochure: The DOTS-Plus Strategy for MDR-TB and Green Light Committee: Improving Access to Second-Line Anti-TB Drugs. WHO/CDS/TB/2000.283. http://www.who.int/gtb/policyrd/PDF/DOTSGLC.pdf 13. TB Literature: http://www.who.int/gtb/publications/ 14. TB Literature by Subject. http://www.who.int/gtb/publications/refsubject.html Malaria15.
WHO Expert Committee on Malaria. 20th Report.2000. WHO
TRS 892; WHO Geneva. http://mosquito.who.int Rational Selection and Use Essential Medicines 16. 12th Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines, 15-19 April 2002. http://www.who.int/medicines/organization/par/edl/eml.shtml 17. WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines: The Selection of Essential Medicines. No. 4. June 2002. WHO, Geneva.http://www.who.int/medicines/library/edm_general/6pagers/ppm04eng.pdf HIV/AIDS18. Scaling Up Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Resource-Limited Settings: Guidelines for Public Health Approach. WHO, April 2002. http://www.who.int/HIV_AIDS/HIV_AIDS_Care/ 19. Overview of HIV Diagnostic Technologies. http://www.who.int/bct/Main_areas_of_work/BTS/HIV_Diagnostics/ 20.
Guidelines for Using HIV Testing Technologies in Surveillance:
Selection, Evaluation, and Implementation/Pautas
WHO/CDS/CSR/EDC/2001.16 and UNAIDS/01.22E http://www.who.int/emc-documents/aids_hiv/whocdscsredc200116c.html 21.
Laboratory Monitoring of ARV Therapy. http://www.who.int/bct/Main_areas_of_work/BTS/HIV_Diagnostics/ 22.
HIV Test Kits Evaluation. http://www.who.int/bct/Main_areas_of_work/BTS/HIV_Diagnostics/ 23.
Guidelines
for the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections. WHO, 2001. WHO/HIV_AIDS/2001.01
and http://www.who.int/HIV_AIDS/STIcasemanagement/STIManagemntguidelines/ 24.
Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission
of HIV: Selection and Use of Nevirapine. 25. Developing HIV/AIDS Treatment Guidelines. Geneva, UNAIDS, 1999. UNAIDS Best Practice Collection, May 1999. http://www.unaids.org/publications/order.html 26. WHO Model Prescribing Information: Drugs Used in HIV-related Illnesses. Geneva, WHO, 1999. WHO/DMP/DSI/99.2. http://www.who.int/medicines/library/qsm/who-dmp-dsi-99-2/who-dmp-dsi-99-2.htm 27. Nine
Guidance Modules on Antiretroviral Treatments. (Only module 3, 7, 8 and
9 are still recommended) 28.
Guidelines on Standard Treatments and Essential Drugs for HIV-related
Conditions - Access to HIV-related Tuberculosis29. An Expanded DOTS Framework for Effective Tuberculosis Control. WHO/CDS/TB/2002.297. http://www.who.int/gtb/dots/2002-297.htm 30. DOTS-Plus for Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) http://www.who.int/gtb/policyrd/DOTSplus.htm 31. DOTS-Plus and the Greenlight Committee. http://www.who.int/gtb/policyrd/PDF/DOTSGLC.pdf 32. Tuberculosis Diagnostics Initiative. http://www.who.int/tdr/diseases/tb/tbdi.htm 33. The Rationale for Recommending Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets for Treatment of Tuberculosis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2001, 79 (1). http://www.who.int/bulletin/pdf/2001/issue1/bu0435.pdf 34. Guidelines for Establishing DOTS-Plus Pilot Projects for the Management of MDR-TB. WHO/CDS/TB/2000.279 http://www.who.int/gtb/publications/dotspluspilot-2000-279/english/index.htm 35. Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets for Treatment of Tuberculosis.WHO/CDS/CPC/TB/99.267 http://www.who.int/gtb/publications/fdc/index.htm 36. Treatment of Tuberculosis: Guidelines for National Tuberculosis Programmes. WHO/TB/97.220 http://www.who.int/gtb/publications/ttgnp/index.htm Malaria37. New Diagnosis Tests for Malaria. http://mosquito.who.int/cmc_upload/0/000/015/269/ah_diagnostic_jc.pdf 38. Diagnosis of Malaria. Management of Severe Malaria, a Practical Handbook. http://mosquito.who.int/docs/hbsm.pdf 39. Malaria Diagnosis. Management of Uncomplicated Malaria and the Use of Antimalarial Drugs. Ch2. http://mosquito.who.int/docs/hbsm.pdf 40. Malaria Diagnosis New Perspectives. http://mosquito.who.int/cmc_upload/0/000/011/403/malaria_diagnosis.pdf 41. Prevention of Malaria in Pregnancy. Experts Committee report on Malaria - Ch 12.2.6. 42. The Use of Antimalarial Drugs, Report of a WHO Informal Consultation, WHO, Geneva, November 2000. http://mosquito.who.int/cmc_upload/0/000/014/923/use_of_antimalarials.pdf 43. Antimalarial Drug Combination Therapy, Report of a WHO Technical Consultation, April 2001. http://mosquito.who.int/cmc_upload/0/000/015/082/use_of_antimalarials2.pdf Affordable PricesEssential Medicines 44. WHO Fact Sheet: International price information services - What is WHO Doing to Improve Drug Price Information? August 2002. http://www.who.int/medicines/organization/par/ipc/drugpriceinfo.shtml 45. Market
News Service. Pharmaceutical Starting Materials/Essential Drugs Report.
Geneva, WTO/UNCTAD/International 46.
International Drug Price Indicator Guide on finished products of
essential drugs. Management Sciences for Health in 47. Report of the Workshop on Differential Pricing and Financing of Essential Drugs, World Health Organization and World Trade Organization Secretariats, Norwegian Foreign Affairs Ministry, Global Health Council, 8-11 April 2001, Høsbjør, Norway. http://www.who.int/medicines/library/edm_general/who-wto-hosbjor/wholereporthosbjorworkshop-fin-eng.pdf 48.
Network for Monitoring the Impact of Globalization and TRIPS on
Access to Medicines. Health Economics and Drugs. http://www.who.int/medicines/library/par/who-edm-par-2002-1/networktrips.pdf 49.
Implications of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and
Public Health. Health Economics and Drugs. EDM http://www.who.int/medicines/library/docseng_from_a_to_z.shtml#i 50. WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines: Globalization, TRIPS and Access to Pharmaceuticals. No. 3. March 2001 revised. WHO, Geneva http://www.who.int/medicines/library/edm_general/6pagers/PPM03%20ENG.pdf 51. Globalization
and Access to Drugs: Perspectives on WTO/TRIPS Agreement. Health Economics
and Drugs; DAP series No. 7, Revised. WHO, Geneva, 1998. WHO/DAP/98.9. 52. Sources and Prices of Selected Drugs and Diagnostics for People Living With HIV/AIDS. Joint Project of UNAIDS/UNICEF/WHO-HTP/MSF, May 2002. WHO/EDM/PAR/2002.2. http://www.who.int/medicines/library/par/hivrelateddocs/prices-eng.pdf 53. SIBEME: Drug Needs and Costs Quantifying Software (for HIV/AIDS-related drugs): Software User Manual Version 2.0, June 2000. Software available on CD-ROM and diskettes; English and French version. WHO/EDM in collaboration with Eleusis. (Post-testing in progress). 54. Patent Situation of HIV/AIDS-related Drugs in 80 countries. Geneva, WHO-EDM/UNAIDS, January 2000. http://www.who.int/medicines/library/par/hivrelateddocs/patentshivdrugs.pdf 55. Manual
for Use of a Cost-Effectiveness Tool for Evaluating
Anti-Retroviral Drug and Substitute Feeding Interventions to Prevent Mother-to-Child
Transmission of HIV. Version 1. Health Strategies International, prepared
for UNAIDS, December 1999. http://www.unaids.org/publications/documents/economics/costeffec/ 56. Drugs currently available from GDF: First-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, formulations and prices currently supplied/to be supplied by GDF. http://www.stoptb.org/GDF/drugsupply/drugs.available.html 57. How to apply for access to the concessionary prices offered for second-line anti-TB drugs via the Green Light Committee: Instructions for Applying to the Green-Light Committee for Access to Second-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs. WHO/CDS/TB/2001.286 Rev.1 http://www.who.int/gtb/policyrd/PDF/GLC_Application_Instructions.pdf (dotsplus@who.int for further information). 58. Gupta R, Kim JY, Espinal MA, et al. Responding to Market Failures in Tuberculosis. Science. 2001. 293:1049-1051. 59. Laing R O, McGoldrick K. Tuberculosis Drug Issues: Prices, Fixed Dose Combination Products and Second Line Drugs. 26 February 2000. http://dcc2.bumc.bu.edu/richardl/world_TB_Day/TB_Drug_Issues/ 60. Procurement of Artemether-Lumefantrine (Coartem®) Through WHO. WHO 2002. http://mosquito.who.int/cmc_upload/0/000/015/789/CoA_website5.pdf
Sustainable Financing Essential Medicines 61. Health Reform and Drug Financing. Selected Topics. Health Economics and Drugs DAP Series No. 6. WHO/DAP/98.3. http://www.who.int/medicines/library/dap/who-dap-98-3/who-dap-98-3.htm HIV/AIDS62. Fact Sheet 2002: Meeting the Need. UNAIDS, 2002. http://www.unaids.org/barcelona/presskit/factsheets/FSresources_en.htm 63. Paying for HIV/AIDS Services: Lessons from National Health Accounts and Community-Based Health Insurance in Rwanda, 1998 – 1999. UNAIDS Case Study. September 2001. UNAIDS Best Practice Collection. http://www.unaids.org/publications/documents/economics/families/JC653-Rwanda-E.pdf 64. Guidelines for Studies of the Social and Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS. September 2000. UNAIDS Best Practice Collection. Key Material. http://www.unaids.org/publications/documents/economics/costeffec/JC326-Guideliens.pdf Tuberculosis65. WHO Report 2002. Global Tuberculosis Control: Surveillance, Planning, Financing. http://www.who.int/gtb/publications/globrep02/index.html 66. What is the GDF? http://www.stoptb.org/GDF/whatis/whatis.html Malaria67. Lessons from Cost-Recovery in Health. Discussion Paper N2. Forum on Health Sector Reform. A.Creese and J.Kutzin. WHO/SHS/NHP/95.5. http://mosquito.who.int/docs 68. Applying Planned Market Logic to Developing Countries' Health Systems: an Initial Exploration. Discussion Paper N4. Forum on Health Sector Reform. Richard Saltman. WHO/SHS/95.7.
Health and Supply Systems Essential Medicines 69. Managing Drug Supply, 2nd Edition. Management Sciences for Health, in Collaboration with WHO. Boston, Kumarian Press, 1997. http://www.msh.org/publications/dmp_pubs.html 70. Operational Principles for Good Pharmaceutical Procurement (Interagency document). WHO, Geneva, 1999. WHO/EDM/PAR/99.5. http://www.who.int/medicines/library/par/who-edm-par-99-5/who-edm-par-99-5.htm 71. Guidelines for Drug Donations (Interagency document). Revised 1999. WHO, Geneva, 1999. WHO/EDM/PAR/99.4. http://www.who.int/medicines/library/par/who-edm-par-99-4/who-edm-par-99-4.htm 72. Guidelines for Safe Disposal of Unwanted Pharmaceuticals in and after Emergencies (Interagency document). Geneva, WHO, 1999. WHO/EDM/PAR/99.2. http://www.who.int/medicines/library/par/who-edm-par-99-2/who-edm-par-99-2.htm 73. Indicators for Monitoring National Drug Policies: a Practical Manual. Second edition. WHO/EDM/PAR/99.3. http://www.who.int/medicines/library/par/indicators/who_edm_par_993.html 74. Collaboration Between NGOs, Ministries of Health and WHO in Drug Distribution and Supply. DAP Research Series No. 27. WHO/DAP/98.12. http://www.who.int/medicines/library/dap/who-dap-98-12/who-dap-98-12.htm 75. How to Estimate Warehouse Space for Drugs? WHO/DAP/93.3 http://www.who.int/medicines/library/dap/who-dap-93-3/who-dap-93-3.htm.
HIV/AIDS 76. Fact Sheet 2002: Accelerating Access to Treatment and Care. UNAIDS 2002. http://www.unaids.org/barcelona/presskit/factsheets/FSaccess_en.htm 77. Three Million HIV/AIDS Sufferers Could Receive Anti-Retroviral Therapy by 2005. New Hope for Those in Developing World. WHO Press Release 58, 2002 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/releases/who58/en/ 78. Quality Assurance of HIV/AIDS Drugs: Pilot Procurement, Quality and Sourcing Project, including the list of suppliers whose evaluated products are recommended by WHO as being acceptable in principle for procurement by UN Agencies. http://www.who.int/medicines/organization/par/edl/access-hivdrugs.shtml 79.
HIV Test Kits Bulk Procurement Scheme. http://www.who.int/bct/Main_areas_of_work/BTS/HIV_Diagnostics/ 80.
Quality Assurance of HIV Testing. http://www.who.int/bct/Main_areas_of_work/BTS/HIV_Diagnostics/ 81. Report of the Meeting on the Evaluation of the UNAIDS HIV Drug Access Initiative. May 2000. http://www.unaids.org/publications/documents/care/index.html#unaids 82. Key Elements in HIV/AIDS Care and Support. Geneva, WHO/UNAIDS. A working document, December 2000. http://www.who.int/HIV_AIDS/HIV_AIDS_Care/Key_elements_HIV_AIDS_care.htm 83.
Voluntary Counselling and Testing for HIV Infection in Antenatal
Care. Practical Considerations for 84.
Handbook on
Mobilizing NGOs, CBOs and PLHA Groups for Improving Access to Treatment.
International HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis85. Drugs currently available from GDF: First-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, formulations and prices currently supplied/to be supplied by GDF. http://www.stoptb.org/GDF/drugsupply/drugs.available.html 86.
Procurement of Second-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs for DOTS-Plus Pilot Projects.
http://www.who.int/gtb/publications/dotsplus2000/PDF/ 87. TB Specimen Bank. http://www.who.int/tdr/diseases/tb/specimen.htm
88. Involving Private Practitioners in Tuberculosis Control: Issues, Interventions and Emerging Policy Framework. WHO/CDS/TB/2001.285. WHO 2001. http://www.who.int/gtb/publications/privatepractitioners/PDF/ 89. Policy Research and Development. Research into Health Policy, Systems and Services: TB/HIV. http://www.who.int/gtb/policyrd/TBHIV.htm 90. Policy Research and Development. Research into Health Policy, Systems and Services: Community Care for Tuberculosis. http://www.who.int/gtb/policyrd/CommCare.htm 91. Policy Research and Development. Research into Health Policy, Systems and Services: DOTS-Plus for Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis. http://www.who.int/gtb/policyrd/DOTSplus.htm Malaria92. Addressing Malaria Sector-Wide: Improving Co-ordination and Management of External support. A background paper for the Fourth RBM Global Partners Meeting, 18-19 April 2001, Washington DC. Working Draft for Discussion 13 April 2001. Malaria Consortium, April 2001. http://mosquito.who.int/docs/WB/addressingmalariasectorwide.pdf Drug Resistance SurveillanceHIV/AIDS93. General: http://www.who.int/emc/amrhiv.htm 94. Monitoring the Emergence of Antiretroviral Resistance. Report of a WHO Consultation organized in collaboration with Istituto di Sanità and the International AIDS Society. Rome, Italy 10-11 October 2000. WHO/CDS/CSR/DRS/2001.11 http://www.who.int/emc-documents/antimicrobial_resistance/docs/whocdscsrdrs200111web.pdf Tuberculosis95. General: http://www.who.int/emc/amrtb.htm 96. Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance in the World. Report no. 2: Prevalence and Trends. WHO/CDS/TB/2000.278 http://www.who.int/emc-documents/antimicrobial_resistance/whocdstb2000278c.html 97. Guidelines for Surveillance of Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis. WHO and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. WHO/TB/1996/216. http://www.who.int/emc/amrtb.htm 98. Surveillance of Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis (SDRTB3) Software. A software designed to assist the process of collection and analysis of data on drug resistance in tuberculosis. More information about this software and how to obtain it from our web site: http://www.who.int/emc/SDRTB_software/index.html Malaria99. General: http://www.who.int/emc/amrmalaria.htm Country SupportEssential Medicines100. How to develop and implement a national drug policy, second edition, 2001. Updates and replaces guidelines for developing national drug policies, 1998, WHO Geneva, Switzerland. http://www.who.int/medicines/library/par/ndp_english.pdf HIV/AIDS101. Fact sheet 2002. UNAIDS 2002: Regional Round-up: Sub-Saharan Africa: http://www.unaids.org/barcelona/presskit/factsheets/FSssafrica_en.htm Asia and the Pacific: http://www.unaids.org/barcelona/presskit/factsheets/FSasiapacific_en.htm Latin America and the Caribbean: http://www.unaids.org/barcelona/presskit/factsheets/FSlatincaribbean_en.htm Eastern Europe and Central Asia: http://www.unaids.org/barcelona/presskit/factsheets/FSeeuropecasia_en.htm High Income countries: http://www.unaids.org/barcelona/presskit/factsheets/FShighincome_en.htm Middle East and North Africa: http://www.unaids.org/barcelona/presskit/factsheets/FSnorthafrica_en.htm 102. Procedure manual and indicators for rapid assessment of in-country access to HIV/AIDS-related drugs. UNAIDS/EDM. June 2000. (in print). Tuberculosis103. Country Profiles for 22 of the high TB-burden countries in the world. http://www.stoptb.org/Countries/default.asp 104. Global DOTS expansion plan. Progress in TB control in high-burden countries, 2001. One year after the Amsterdam Ministerial Conference. WHO, Geneva. WHO/CDS/STB/2001.11. http://www.stoptb.org/Working_Groups/DOTSExpansion/CountryProfiles.pdf Malaria105. Informal Meeting for the Preparation of a Strategic Plan for Capacity Development for Roll Back Malaria (RBM) World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 17-20 July 2000. http://www.rbm.who.int/cmc_upload/0/000/011/426/cd_meeting_report-final.htm 106. RBM Action at Country Level: the inception process (WHO/CDS/RBM/99.05) 107. WHO malaria training materials. A listing of all relevant malaria training materials which are available from WHO - unless otherwise indicated. http://mosquito.who.int/docs 108. Informal Consultation: Training on “Rolling Back Malaria in Complex Emergencies”. Meeting Report. 6 June,2001. WHO, Geneva Switzerland. http://mosquito.who.int/cmc_upload/0/000/014/811/2001report.pdf 109. Malaria: a manual for community health workers. http://mosquito.who.int/docs/manual_chw.pdf |
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